一、前言
10月30日,我有幸参观了位于荷兰Maastricht的欧洲空管中心Upper Area Control Centre。我们所参观的这个中心目前负责荷兰比利时和德国西部的空中管制。很幸运,在那个周末这个中心要由已经使用了30年的旧系统调整到一套新系统。这样,我们一次就参观了新旧两个系统。由于数月前瑞士德国边境上空邮政快递飞机和俄罗斯飞机相撞事故,人们开始知晓了这个中心的存在和重要性。加上 911事件的影响,能够得到参观的机会是相当不易的。我希望通过这篇文章介绍一下这个鲜为人知的中心。
因为拿到的材料都是英文,所以方便起见,后面就直接用英文原文来描述。这样也会准确一些。
二、Maastricht Upper Area Control Centre
EUROCONTROL the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation, which currently numbers 30 Member States, has as its primary objective the development of a seamless, pan-Eropean air traffic management (ATM) system. The achievement of this objective is the only solution to the present and future challenges facing the entire aviation community, which are to cope with the constant growth in air traffic while maintaining a high level of safety, to reduce costs and to respect the environment.
EUROCONTROL develops, coordinates and plans the implementation of short and long-term pan-European ATM strategies and their associated action plans in a collective effort involving national regulatory authorities, air navigation service providers, the airspace users, the military, industry and other European institutions. A unique concentration of more than 2,000 experts based in several European countries provide the technical and operational expertise to take air traffic management concepts from the blueprint stage to the air traffic control centres, cockpits and airports.
EROCONTROL various operating divisions span the entire range of gate-to-gate air navigation service operations - from strategic and tactical flow management control to controller training, from regional control of airspace to the development of leading-edge, safety-proofed technologie and procedures, and the collection of air navigation charges.
EUROCONTROL is, and will continue to be, at the heart of any new solution to enhance the performance of the European air navigation system to meet its stakeholders’ needs.
EUROCONTROL’s activities
-
Management of the European Air traffic Management Programme (EATMP)
-
Provision of operational and engineering expertise to Member States for various technical programmes
-
Provision of central flow management
-
Collection of air navigation route chareges
-
Provision of air traffic services training and other specialist training
-
Conducting of advanced research and development activities
-
Provision of regional air traffic services
EUROCONTROL has 30 Member States:
Germany, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Croatia, Denmark, Spain, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic, Romania, the United Kingdom, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland and Turkey.
Porland and Albania have officially applied for membership and should join the Organisation in the near future.
EUROCONTROL, the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation, is staffed by some 2,000 people working in seven European countries: Germany, Belgium, France, Hungary, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the Czech Republic.
-
EUROCONTROL Headquarters are based in Haren, Belgium, in the vicinity of Brussels National Airport, Here, the European Air Traffic Management Programme is managed. Operational and engineering services are proveded for Member States on various technical programmes, as well as financial, legal, linguistic and administrative services for all EUROCONTROL establishments.
-
The Central Flow Management Unit (CFMU) is co-located at EUROCONTROL Headquarters. It is responsible for balancing air traffic demand and available airspace capacity, thereby helping to reduce congestion in European airspace.
-
The Central Route Charges Office (CRCO), also based at Haren, calculates, bills and collects charges from users of en-route air traffic services and facilities on behalf of the States participating in the EUROCONTROL Route Charges System.
-
The EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre (EEC) at Bretigny-sur-Orge, south of Paris, provides support for the design, development and improvement of air traffic control systems.
-
The EUROCONTROL Institute of Air Navigation Services (IANS) in Luxembourg supplies air traffic services training as well as courses in advanced specialist training.
-
The EUROCONTROL Software Team in Karlsruhe provides software development and maintenance services at the Karlsruhe Upper Area Control Centre.
-
The Central European Air Traffic Services (CEATS) Strategic Planning and Development Unit (CSPDU), located in Prague, co-ordinates the setting up of the CEATS Programme in 8 Central European States.
-
The Central European Air Traffic Services Research, Development and Simulation Centre (CRDS) in Budapest provides support for the optimisation of the air traffic management system in the Central European Region.
-
The Maastricht Upper Area Control Centre (UAC) provides air traffic control services in the upper airspace of Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and the north-west of Germany. Owing to its extensive technical and operational know-how the UAC represents a valuable source of expertise for the EUROCONTROL Organisation and is used as the proving ground for advanced ATC technologies.
Excellence
1. Centre of Excellence
EUROCONTROL’s Maastricht Upper Area Control Centre (UAC) sits at the heart of Europe’s air traffic management system. Since 1972 the Centre has provided round-the-clock air traffic control (ATC) services to aircraft in the upper airspace (above 24,500 feet) of Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and the north-west of Germany.
Maastricht UAC is well known to the international aviation community by its call sign, "Maastricht Radar". The Centre is located alongside the airport that serves Maastricht, the oldest town in the Netherlands.
It is currently still the only multinational air traffic control contre in Europe with an ATC system that extends beyond national frontiers and allows a flexible configuration of the airspace without lengthy delegation procedures.
Thes is done in close coopertaion with military partners responsible for operational air traffic in the same area. An automatic exchange of flight plan and radar data between the UAC and its military partners in Belgium and the Netherlands is in place and a local Deutsche Flugsicherung (DFS) unit, co-located with the civel facility, provides ATC services for military aircraft flying in the north-west of Germany.
With Europe’s bisiest airports - London, Paris, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Copenhagen and Brussels - close by and the positioning of several national military areas, the air traffic managed by Maastricht UAC is not just busy, it is also extremely complex, with a significant amount of climbing and descending aircraft. Maastricht UAC is the second-largest ATC centre in Europe after London ATCC in terms of volume of traffic. With 1.2 million flights controlled safely in 2000, the Centre is among the most produtive ATC Centres in the world.
But Maastricht UAC is far more than Europe’s second-busiest ATC centre. It has become a blueprint for cooperation across borders and regions and between civel and military ATC service providers.
2. Meeting New Challenges
Today, more than ever before, the constant increase in air traffic is placing extreme pressure on air navigation service providers. On top of the overriding requirement to keep aircraft safely apart, there is another pressing imperative - to create more and more capacity so that future demand for air travel can be met safely and efficiently.
For this reason air traffic control organisations are in a period of transition. Their transformation from public service institutions to business-oriented organisations is focused on one primary goal: to optimise airspace management by increasing capacity and improving cost-efficiency in order to meet the requirements of both customers and stakeholders, with safety remaining a primary concern.
EUROCONTROL’s Masstricht Upper Area Control Centre (UAC) is part of this vital transformation process. A firm basis for a new, flexible approach to the management of the Centre’s activities has been laid in order to be able to respond swiftly, effeciently and cost-effectively to the needs and expectations of the customers.
By adopting performance-driven business principles, Maastricht UAC aims to be cost-efficent and to seek geniune gains in procuctivity through a more efficient use of resources.
Continuous monitoring and the pro-active use of performance indicators drive operational improvements by offering innovative solution. All this plays a predominat role in the strategies developed by the Centre.
Because the aviation industry thrives on advanced technology, the Centre has developed a dynamic view of the future, based on the introduction of new, innovative technologies, which will help enhance safety and airspace capacity in the rapidly growing worl of air navigation.